texarkanaTim has got it right, if you're growing a tall-not-wide plant. if you're going lst or scrog then make believe all of your major stalk branching adds up to your so called height in that equation
If you are using cuttings then plant the rooted clones into a 4/6" preferably deep nursery pots. Once the plant is root bound/6" tall transplant them into the final pot site Usually for every foot of plant height you want to have 1 gal of space.
Depends on the strain and stuff. The bigger your pot is, the bigger your plant will be, up to a point. The 1 foot/gallon thing is bullshit though, don't listen to that.