Vaping Saftey

Ive been vaping my dabs and herb for years now. I started doing this because my research showed vaping was safer. Recently a lot of info is coming out on how dangerous vapes/ecigs are. Ive been trying to research it again and there is so much misinformation and propaganda that I cannot find the answers to my questions. If someone has a legit answer or a link to a study I would appreciate it, but hear me out what my problem is:

What is the real reason ecigs are harmful and what is that compared to marjiuana vaping. Are ecigs dangerous because of the VAPE or because of the cartridge mixture? I vape herb and concentrate, I dont buy cartridge vapes, so if it is because of the mixture that doesnt affect me.

If it is because of the vape itself, lets say heavy metals off gassing, or the ceramics or something of that nature it could make sense to be more harmful. That would result in a different sort of toxin than inhaling the plant matter, for example. But is this a legitimate issue with vapes? If so, how do you know if your vape has a risk of that or not?

Everything I am finding research wise basically states marijuana has negative effects. Yeah, ok, so im smoking it regardless, what is the safest way to smoke it then? The negative effects of marjiuana itself are irrelevant in this context. I read one article on how vaping can get you TOO HIGH, wtf does that even mean?

Then ill get into reading something about how its the chemicals in the cartridges, or the components of the vape itself. Which is it?

Its so ludicrous that in todays world there is this much miss information. If you are going to vape something thats not a preloaded cartridge mix, is that safer than smoking it directly? Thats all I want to know, and I cannot find an answer to that question without a load of nonsense interfering with it.