I am organizing Cannatech: Cannabis Innovation in Israel

Are you a robot?


To op: good luck with your startup.

 

7 years later how zit going? betcha got some Flack .....lol

 

Just Info ........ Israel IS the first country to research Cannabis in history starting some where in the mid 50's.
For decades Israel was the only country doing Cannabis research.
From what I have gathered from me browsing the internet on this subject is Israel is keeping the results to themselves, kind of like top secret shit..

I bet they grow some mouth watering weed.....

 

Too bad that the US has let it go. This whole bad deal of MJ prohibition is OUR governments fault.

I try to keep current on what's happening there. I think it was 2022 that one of their doctors noticed a blood presser drop in people over 60 under certain conditions. He was able to fallow it up and prescribe MMJ. He put an ambulatory monitor on the for several days. I don't understand much about "dipping" when it comes to nocturnal blood presser but that's what he saw.

The point is that a doctor saw something about MMJ and was able to do his own research.

 

From my research the USA was/never been in the Cannabis research supporter.
Israel on the other hand started researching Cannabis between 1953 to 1955 decades before any other country on the planet did.

 

You are forgetting/ignoring Roger Adams who initially described the preparation of 'red oil' from cannabis. The article was first published in 1940 on pg 198, issue #40 of Journal of American Chemistry Society. I'm not ignoring Mechoulam's contributions (which are profound), but I also notice Israel trying to take credit (and patents) for modern techniques, such as those described by Kayser's group (a German group) on liquid culture hashish type compounds. There's also ElSohey's group (American) that dates back quite a bit (from the USA), but he only hires Muslims. And then there's Mahlberg who also dedicated his research career to cannabis.

I found this "The psychoactive properties of cannabis have long been the cause for scientific examination of the responsible biological compounds. The bioactive fraction from cannabis, which is now known to consist of many cannabinoids, was initially distilled from hemp resin and described as a red oil in 1896; the acetate crystals obtained from this oil were named cannabinol (CBN) and at the time were believed to be the psychoactive agent in cannabis (Wood et al., 1896). It was not until 35 years later that similar experiments were successfully reproduced, and that a partial structural elucidation of CBN was published (Cahn, 1932). In 1940, a second cannabinoid named cannabidiol (CBD) was also isolated from red oil, but both CBN and CBD were found to be pharmacologically inert and lacked ‘marihuana activity’ (Adams et al., 1940a; Loewe, 1945). The psychoactive cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was later discovered in 1940 as a product of in vitro CBD isomerisation, and was not isolated from cannabis, albeit in an impure form, until the following year (Adams et al., 1940b; Wollner et al., 1942). The isolation of pure THC from cannabis was eventually achieved in 1964, and its structure was determined in 1971 (Gaoni and Mechoulam, 1964; Gaoni and Mechoulam, 1971)".

So you can see that Wood,B.T., Spivey,N.W.T., and Easterfield,T.H. (1896). Charas. The resin of Indian hemp. J Chem Soc Trans 69, 539-546. were very early in the game.

 

They are not a country, topic included Isreal the country that has been doing cannabis research longer then any other country in the world.
So you see ????? WHAT

 

I wrote "So you can see that {these people} were very early in the game". I think maybe Wood, Spivey, and Easterfield were English, but I wasn't sure so I didn't post. Adams, on the other hand, was American and published in America.
You wrote "Isreal the country that has been doing cannabis research longer then any other country in the world", which is just not true.
Your last message sounds pissy. Hope things go better for you.

 

OK what country been doing cannabis research the longest.. google says Isreal

6 Countries in the World That Lead in Medical Cannabis Research
https://softsecrets.com/en-US/article/6-countries...
The “promised land” seems to be the right term to describe the global leader in cannabis research - Israel. "Work hard and party hard” stands for the country where knowledge of cannabis is being boosted for more than five decades now. THC and the endocannabinoid system were discovered in Israel by world … See more

Read it and weep because it is true.....

 

Never heard of a country called Kayser's group ?
From the beginning I said country, you changed it to a people.

 

I wrote Kayser's group (a German group). Anyhow, I don't want to argue with you man. I wrote some history is all.

 

Its all about how you word the google search.
I googled Who in history started using cannabis first. because in my way of thinking there must of been some kind of experimentation which is research

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


The Chinese character for hemp (麻 or má) depicts two plants under a shelter.[1] Cannabis cultivation dates back at least 3000 years in Taiwan.[2]

The history of cannabis and its usage by humans dates back to at least the third millennium BC in written history, and possibly as far back as the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (8800–6500 BCE) based on archaeological evidence. For millennia, the plant has been valued for its use for fiber and rope, as food and medicine, and for its psychoactive properties for religious and recreational use.

The earliest restrictions on cannabis were reported in the Islamic world by the 14th century. In the 19th century, it began to be restricted in colonial countries, often associated with racial and class stresses. In the middle of the 20th century, international coordination led to sweeping restrictions on cannabis throughout most of the globe. Entering the 21st century, some nations began to take measures to decriminalize or legalize cannabis.

Ancient uses[edit]

Bhang eaters from India c. 1790. Bhang is an edible preparation of cannabis native to the Indian subcontinent. It has been used in food and drink as early as 1000 BC by Hindus in ancient India.[3]
Hemp is one of the earliest plants to be cultivated.[4][5] Cannabis has been cultivated in Japan since the pre-Neolithic period for its fibres and as a food source and possibly as a psychoactive material.[6]: 96  An archeological site in the Oki Islands near Japan contained cannabis achenes from about 8000 BC, probably signifying use of the plant.[7] Hemp use archaeologically dates back to the Neolithic Age in China, with hemp fiber imprints found on Yangshao culture pottery dating from the 5th millennium BC.[2][8] The Chinese later used hemp to make clothes, shoes, ropes, and an early form of paper.[2]

Cannabis was an important crop in ancient Korea, with samples of hempen fabric discovered dating back as early as 3000 BC.[9]

Cannabis is believed[according to whom?] to be consumed by Hindu God Shiva, and has been part of Hindu practice and culture.[10]

Hemp is called ganja (Sanskrit: गञ्जा, IAST: gañjā) in Sanskrit and other modern Indo-Aryan languages.[11] Some scholars suggest that the ancient drug soma, mentioned in the Vedas, was cannabis, although this theory is disputed.[12] Bhanga is mentioned in several Indian texts dated before 1000 AD. However, there is philological debate among Sanskrit scholars as to whether this bhanga can be identified with modern bhang or cannabis.[13]

Cannabis was also known to the ancient Assyrians, who potentially utilized it as an aromatic. They called it qunabu and qunubu (which could signify "a way to produce smoke"), a potential origin of the modern word "cannabis".[14]: 305  Cannabis was introduced as well to the Scythians, Thracians and Dacians, whose shamans (the kapnobatai—"those who walk on smoke/clouds") burned cannabis flowers to induce trance.[15] The classical Greek historian Herodotus (ca. 480 BC) reported that the inhabitants of Scythia would often inhale the vapors of hemp-seed smoke, both as ritual and for their own pleasurable recreation.[16]


Cannabis sativa from Vienna Dioscurides, AD 512
Cannabis residues have been found on two altars in Tel Arad, dated to the Kingdom of Judah in the 8th century BC.[17] Its discoverers believe that the evidence points to the use of cannabis for ritualistic psychoactive use in Judah.[17] According to Zohar Amar the fact that the Tel Arad altar was eventually closed down (apparently due to religious opposition by Hezekiah), and the Biblical prohibition on priestly service while intoxicated by wine (Leviticus 10:8–11), indicate that Israelite religion in general was probably opposed to cannabis use as part of its priestly services.[18]

Cannabis has an ancient history of ritual use and is found in pharmacological cults around the world. Hemp seeds discovered by archaeologists at Pazyryk suggest early ceremonial practices like eating by the Scythians occurred during the 5th to 2nd century BC confirming previous historical reports by Herodotus.[19] In China, the psychoactive uses of cannabis is described in the Shennong Bencaojing, written around the 3rd century AD.[20] Daoists mixed cannabis with other ingredients, then placed them in incense burners and inhaled the smoke.[20]

Global spread[edit]
Around the turn of the second millennium, the use of hashish (cannabis resin) began to spill over from the Persian world into the Arab world. Cannabis was allegedly introduced to Iraq in 1230 AD, during the reign of Caliph Al-Mustansir Bi'llah, by the entourage of Bahraini rulers visiting Iraq.[21] Hashish was introduced to Egypt by "mystic Islamic travelers" from Syria sometime during the Ayyubid dynasty in the 12th century AD.[6]: 234 [22] Hashish consumption by Egyptian Sufis has been documented as occurring in the thirteenth century AD, and a unique type of cannabis referred to as Indian hemp was also documented during this time.[6]: 234  Smoking did not become common in the Old World until after the introduction of tobacco, so up until the 1500s hashish in the Muslim world was consumed as an edible.[23]

Cannabis is thought to have been introduced to Africa by Indian Hindu travelers, which Bantu settlers subsequently introduced to southern Africa when they migrated southward.[24] Smoking pipes uncovered in Ethiopia and carbon-dated to around 1320 AD were found to have traces of cannabis.[25] It was already in popular use in South Africa by the indigenous[26] Khoisan and Bantu peoples prior to European settlement in the Cape in 1652.[27] By the 1850s, Swahili traders had carried cannabis from the east coast of Africa, to the Congo Basin in the west.[25]: 99 

King Henry VIII of England strongly encouraged hemp cultivation in the early sixteenth century, particularly for its use by the expanding English navy.[28]

In the Western Hemisphere, early Spanish Florida explorer Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, describing the many tribes of native peoples he encountered between 1527-1537, wrote "Throughout the country they get inebriated [also translated as 'become drunk' and 'produce stupefaction'] by using a certain smoke, and will give everything they have in order to get it."[29] The Spaniards brought industrial hemp to the Western Hemisphere and cultivated it in Chile starting about 1545.[30] In 1607, "hempe" was among the crops Gabriel Archer observed being cultivated by the natives at the main Powhatan village, where Richmond, Virginia is now situated;[31] and in 1613, Samuell Argall reported wild hemp "better than that in England" growing along the shores of the upper Potomac. As early as 1619, the first Virginia House of Burgesses passed an Act requiring all planters in Virginia to sow "both English and Indian" hemp on their plantations.[32]

During Napoléon Bonaparte's invasion of Egypt in 1798, alcohol was not available per Egypt being an Islamic country.[33] In lieu of alcohol, Bonaparte's troops resorted to trying hashish, which they found to their liking.[33] Following an 1836–1840 travel in North Africa and the Middle East, French physician Jacques-Joseph Moreau wrote on the psychological effects of cannabis use; Moreau was a member of Paris' Club des Hashischins (founded in 1844). In 1842, Irish physician William Brooke O'Shaughnessy, who had studied the drug while working as a medical officer in Bengal with the East India company, brought a quantity of cannabis with him on his return to Britain, provoking renewed interest in the West.[34] Examples of classic literature of the period featuring cannabis include Les paradis artificiels (1860) by Charles Baudelaire and The Hasheesh Eater (1857) by Fitz Hugh Ludlow.

Early restrictions[edit]
Jurisdictions around the world banned cannabis at various times since the Middle Ages. Perhaps the earliest was Soudoun Sheikouni, the emir of the Joneima in Arabia who prohibited use in the 1300s.[35] In 1787, King Andrianampoinimerina of Madagascar took the throne, and soon after banned cannabis throughout the Merina Kingdom, implementing capital punishment as the penalty for its use.[36]

As European colonial powers absorbed or came into contact with cannabis-consuming regions, the cannabis habit began to spread to new areas under the colonial umbrella, causing some alarm among authorities. After his invasion of Egypt Syria (1798-1801), Napoleon banned cannabis use among his soldiers.[37] Cannabis was introduced to Brazil either by the Portuguese colonists or by African slaves[6] in the early 1800s. Their intent may have been to cultivate hemp fiber, but the slaves the Portuguese imported from Africa were familiar with cannabis and used it psychoactively, leading the Municipal Council of Rio de Janeiro in 1830 to prohibit bringing cannabis into the city, and punishing its use by any slave.[6]: 182  Similarly, the British practice of transporting Indian indentured workers throughout the empire had the result of spreading the longstanding cannabis practices. Concerns about use of gandia by laborers led to a ban in British Mauritius in 1840,[38] and use of ganja by Indian laborers in British Singapore[39] led to its banning there in 1870.[40] In 1870, Natal (now in South Africa) passed the Coolie Law Consolidation prohibiting "the smoking, use, or possession by and the sale, barter, or gift to, any Coolies [Indian indentured workers] whatsoever, of any portion of the hemp plant (Cannabis sativa)..."[41]

Attempts at criminalising cannabis in British India were made, and mooted, in 1838, 1871, and 1877.[42] In 1894, the British Indian government completed a wide-ranging study of cannabis in India. The report's findings stated:

Viewing the subject generally, it may be added that the moderate use of these drugs is the rule, and that the excessive use is comparatively exceptional. The moderate use practically produces no ill effects. In all but the most exceptional cases, the injury from habitual moderate use is not appreciable. The excessive use may certainly be accepted as very injurious, though it must be admitted that in many excessive consumers the injury is not clearly marked. The injury done by the excessive use is, however, confined almost exclusively to the consumer himself; the effect on society is rarely appreciable. It has been the most striking feature in this inquiry to find how little the effects of hemp drugs have obtruded themselves on observation.

— Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1894-1895[43]

Cannabis indica fluid extract, American Druggists Syndicate, pre-1937
In the late 1800s, several countries in the Islamic world and its periphery banned cannabis, with the Khedivate of Egypt banning the importation of cannabis in 1879,[44][45] Morocco strictly regulating cannabis cultivation and trade (while allowing several Rif tribe to continue to produce) in 1890,[46] and Greece's ban on hashish in 1890.[47]

At the start of the 20th century, more countries continued to ban cannabis. In the United States, the first restrictions on sale of cannabis came in 1906 (in District of Columbia).[48] It was outlawed by the Ganja Law in Jamaica (then a British colony) in 1913, in South Africa in 1922, and in the United Kingdom and New Zealand in the 1920s.[49] Canada criminalized cannabis in The Opium and Narcotic Drug Act, 1923,[50] before any reports of the use of the drug in Canada.

In the United States in 1937, the Marihuana Tax Act was passed,[51] and prohibited the production of hemp in addition to cannabis. The reasons that hemp was also included in this law are disputed—several scholars have claimed that the act was passed in order to destroy the US hemp industry,[52][53][54] Shortly thereafter the United States was forced back to promoting rather than discouraging hemp cultivation; hemp was used extensively by the United States during World War II to make uniforms, canvas, and rope.[55] Much of the hemp used was cultivated in Kentucky and the Midwest. During World War II, the U.S. produced a short 1942 film, Hemp for Victory, promoting hemp as a necessary crop to win the war. In Western Europe, the cultivation of hemp was not legally banned by the 1930s, but the commercial cultivation stopped by then, due to decreased demand compared to increasingly popular artificial fibers.[56] In the early 1940s, world production of hemp fiber ranged from 250,000 to 350,000 metric tonnes, Russia was the biggest producer

The founding fathers of Cannabis research
Who are the founding fathers of Cannabis reseach - Search (bing.com)
As you said.
Thomas Wood, W.T. Spivey, and Thomas Easterfield
In 1895, researchers Thomas Wood, W.T. Spivey, and Thomas Easterfield discovered and isolated the first cannabinoid, which they called cannabinol (CBN) – publishing a paper about it in the Journal of Chemical Society in 1899 (though its chemical structure wasn’t fully identified until the 1930s, by British chemist Robert S. Cahn).


Which country has been researching Cannabis the longest - Search (bing.com)
Which is what I said.
Most Cannabis Research Progress in These 6 Countries

Cannabis Advisory

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The most advanced countries for cannabis research are using science to defeat the stigma while getting people the medicine they need. Read about the top six in this post from High Times.

It is commonly known that the U.S. is not apart of the most advanced countries for marijuana research. Due to its legal status, receiving funding for cannabis research has been proven quite difficult in the U.S. The government still holds restrictive policies and regulations on research that will look into the benefits and risks of cannabis, which is available to consumers in numerous states.

The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration still views marijuana as a Schedule I narcotic, making cannabis more tightly controlled than cocaine and methamphetamines. Because of this, research must obtain approval from the DEA, Food and Drug Administration, and the National Institute of Drug Abuse.

Research has been very limited, leaving patients, healthcare professionals and policymakers without the solid evidence needed to make decisions regarding the plant. Thankfully, there are more advanced countries that allow research that we can look to for answers. Here are 6 of the most advanced countries for marijuana research in the world.

6. Spain
Although Spain currently prohibits medical cannabis containing THC, multiple marijuana research initiatives have come out of the country.

In 1998, researchers at Madrid’s Complutense University discovered that THC can influence programmed cell death in brain tumor cells without negatively impacting surround cells. Then in 2000, the same team tested on rats, injecting them with synthetic THC to eradicate brain tumors. This worked for one-third of the rats, prolonging their lives by 6 weeks.

In 2002, the Spanish team, led by Dr. Manuel Guzman, announced that they had destroyed incurable brain tumors in rats by injecting them with THC.

More recently, pharmacologist, José-Carlos Bouso, along with other top scientists and researchers, created the Spanish Observatory on Medical Cannabis (OECM). The organization is made up of some of the top cannabis scientists. Among this talented team is world renown marijuana scientist, Raphael Mechoulam, who first discovered THC and CBD; as well as Dr. Franjo Grotenhermen, Germany’s leading medical marijuana authority.

The observatory is said to promote the works of its member and also highlights the ongoing research done by other Spanish health professionals who are looking into marijuana research.

5. Canada


With cannabis becoming legal across Canada next summer, marijuana research has been considered important in the country over time. Canada deserves its spot on our list of the most advanced countries for marijuana research.

As the country prepares to become the world’s largest case study of the benefits and risks of marijuana, leaders in the countries cannabis research insist that more studies need to be looked into and completed.

The Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction has set their National Research Agenda on the Health Effects of Non-Medical Use in place. Their website states that “the report is a collaborative effort by CCSA and close to 50 experts and stakeholders representing public health, law enforcement, prevention, academia and non-governmental organizations, and federal and provincial reaper tentatives.”

It includes input from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences, Health Canada, Public Safety Canada and the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse International Program.

This past January, the federal government announced that they were investing $1.4 milliontowards 14 projects that would research the effects of legalizing recreational marijuana. The government hopes that these studies will help in understanding the impact of the country’s new pot laws.

“We acknowledge the need to expand our knowledge when it comes to the health effects of cannabis, as well as the behavioral, social and economic implications of its legalization and regulations,” Member of Parliament Bill Blair said while announcing the funding at Toronto’s Center for Addiction and Mental Health.

It has been mentioned that some of the projects will look at how pot use affects Indigenous communities, pregnant women and teenagers, and others will examine how cannabis use changes once it’s legalized and will evaluate the provincial governments’ regulatory models for cannabis policies.

These studies will be carried out in hospitals and universities around the country, each will receive a $100,000 grant from the Canadian Institute of Health Research.

4. Czech Republic


The Czech Republic is home to the International Cannabis and Cannabinoids Institute (ICCI), one of the world’s major marijuana research institutions. This alone lands it a spot on our list of most advanced countries for marijuana research.

Members of Americans for Safe Access (ASA) and Dioscorides Global Holdings joined together with the Czech Republic’s Minister of Health, Svatopluk Nemecek, to create this research center in 2015.

“The main work of the ICCI is to provide the scientific instruments to public and private institutions all over the world,” CEO, Pavel Kubu said in a statement.

The research underway at the ICCI is ultimately about helping people access to medicine that works best for them.

“As a medical cannabis patient who has been benefiting from its use for 14 years, I have felt a responsibility to ensure that other patients in the US, and now globally, have the choice to utilize cannabis treatments,” said Steph Sherer, executive director of Americans for Safe Access.

“The creation of the ICCI is an integral step in fulfilling that commitment. The work of the ICCI will remove barriers to access for patients globally by bringing together the current knowledge base for cannabis research as it relates to biomedicine, life sciences and policy sciences to create a platform for sharing, exploration and education.”

3. Uruguay


As the first country to legalize and regulate the sale and use of marijuana, Uruguay is encouraging researchers to come to their country for cannabis research. Although there is still work to do when it comes to cannabis research in the country, it still makes it on our list of most advanced countries for marijuana research.

Uruguay’s leaders have declared their desire to turn their country into a hotbed for research in medicinal marijuana. They’ve been actively encouraging scientists and researchers to venture to their country.

Diego Canepa, the president of Uruguay’s National Drug Council, told a conference on medicinal marijuana in 2014 that the government wants to see the data on medicinal pot.

Although no results have come out of the country yet, the possibility of studying weed in a country free of regulatory boundaries is an exciting possibility for scientists abroad.

2. Netherlands


The Netherlands is only one of the three countries in the world with a nationally sponsored medical marijuana program, alongside Canada and Israel.

The Dutch Association for Legal Cannabis and its Constituents as Medicine (NCSM) works only with professionals in the field of medicinal cannabis. Their team consists of a criminologist, a pharmacist and pharmaceutical researchers.

Their website states that their mission is to ‘improve the acceptance of medicinal cannabis.” The main goals of the program are to collect information on medicinal cannabis, distribute knowledge and raise awareness, and to create networks and dialogue.

Not only does the NCSM believe that scientific research is important, but the knowledge and experience of patients, physicians and care-takers is valuable as well.

“NCSM wants to keep the door open to such information so we can learn from experienced users as well as the scientists,” the website reads.

1. Israel


Israel is considered the global leader in marijuana research, one that we could not miss in our list of most advanced countries for marijuana research. Home to the world’s largest medical marijuana production, research, and development facility, Israel has become the hub of cannabis knowledge for over 50 years.

 

An EXCELLENT collection.

 

Here's some important Historical Facts on Cannabis. (linked)

Anyhow, this thread is from 2015, I will not be responding to it anymore, especially that it has deviated from the original discourse.