The Vinča culture, which flourished in the Balkan Peninsula from 5500-4500 BCE, which however failed to leave evidence of water systems behind, appears to have originated many farming techniques in Europe, especially the practice of growing near rivers. They also left some of the Earliest evidence of copper metallurgy behind. See: Vin So perhaps Neolithic European cultures also contributed to the development of Greece during antiquity.
Good isn't it? They were a remarkable culture in many respects, barbaric in others. My favorite subjects revolve mainly around the emergence of language systems and symbolism, and the Vinca had a script that may be a written language that pre-dates that of Sumer. The Sumerians are also credited with inventing the wheel, but there's a model oxen and cart from the Danube area that is older. This is from a site on the symbols:
Old European / Vinča / Danube script Origin These symbols have been found on many of the artefacts excavated from sites in south-east Europe, in particular from Vinča near Belgrade, but also in Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, eastern Hungary, Moldova, southern Ukraine and the former Yugoslavia. The artefacts date from between the 7th and 4th millennia BC and those decorated with these symbols are between 8,000 and 6,500 years old.
Some scholars believe that the Vinča symbols represent the earliest form of writing ever found, predating ancient Egyptian and Sumerian writing by thousands of years. Since the inscriptions are all short and appear on objects found in burial sites, and the language represented is not known, it is highly unlikely they will ever be deciphered.
Symbols dating from the oldest period of Vinča culture (6th-5th millennia BC)
Common symbols used throughout the Vinča period
Other Vinča symbols
Font created by Sorin Paliga (
sorin_paliga@mac.com) of the Department of Slavic Languages and Literature at the University of Bucharest, Romania
Download Vinča font (TrueType, 55K)
Links Information about this script
Vin Virtual Museum of the Inscriptions
Old European / Vinča / Danube script Origin These symbols have been found on many of the artefacts excavated from sites in south-east Europe, in particular from Vinča near Belgrade, but also in Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, eastern Hungary, Moldova, southern Ukraine and the former Yugoslavia. The artefacts date from between the 7th and 4th millennia BC and those decorated with these symbols are between 8,000 and 6,500 years old.
Some scholars believe that the Vinča symbols represent the earliest form of writing ever found, predating ancient Egyptian and Sumerian writing by thousands of years. Since the inscriptions are all short and appear on objects found in burial sites, and the language represented is not known, it is highly unlikely they will ever be deciphered.
Symbols dating from the oldest period of Vinča culture (6th-5th millennia BC)
Common symbols used throughout the Vinča period
Other Vinča symbols
Font created by Sorin Paliga (
sorin_paliga@mac.com) of the Department of Slavic Languages and Literature at the University of Bucharest, Romania
Download Vinča font (TrueType, 55K)
Links Information about this script
Vin Virtual Museum of the Inscriptions MelT