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Soil Texture
Soil texture, or the way a soil feels, reflects the size of the soil particles. Sandy soils have large soil particles and feel gritty. Clay soils have small soil particles and feel sticky. Both sandy soils and clay soils are a challenge for Gardeners. Loam soils have the ideal mixture of different size soil particles.
When amending sandy soils, the goal is to increase the soil's ability to hold moisture and store nutrients. To achieve this, use organic amendments that are well decomposed, like composts or aged manures.
With clay soils, the goal is to improve soil aggregation, increase porosity and permeability, and improve aeration and drainage. Fibrous amendments like peat, wood chips, tree bark or straw are most effective in this situation.
Use Tables 2 and 3 for more specific recommendations. Because sandy soils have low water retention, choose an amendment with high water retention, like peat, compost or vermiculite. Clay soils have low permeability, so choose an amendment with high permeability, like wood chips, hardwood bark or perlite. Vermiculite is not a good choice for clay soils because of its high water retention.
<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3">Table 2: Permeability and water retention of various soil types.</td> </tr> <tr> <th align="left">Soil Texture</th><th>Permeability</th><th>Water Retention</th> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Sand</td><td>high</td><td>low</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Loam</td><td>medium</td><td>medium</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Silt</td><td>low</td><td>high</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Clay</td><td>low</td><td>high</td> </tr> </tbody></table>
<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%"><tbody><tr> <td colspan="3">Table 3: Permeability and water retention of various soil amendments.</td></tr> <tr> <th align="left">Amendment</th><th>Permeability</th><th>Water Retention</th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Fibrous
Peat
Wood chips
Hardwood bark </td> <td>
low-medium
high
high</td> <td>
very high
low-medium
low-medium</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Humus
Compost
Aged manure</td> <td>
low-medium
low-medium</td> <td>
medium-high
medium</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Inorganic
Vermiculite
Perlite</td> <td>
high
high</td> <td>
high
low</td></tr></tbody></table>
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