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Very interesting and philosophical thinking! Matter is a strange thing indeed. Physicists have been able to determine that there are very large particles of matter called Bose-Einstein condensates which are made up of many atoms that occur at supercooled temperatures of less than a millionth of a degree above absolute 0. On the other hand, they have theorized incredibly tiny string-like particles that make up all matter and are roughly the size of the Planck length (1.6*10^-35 m). There is also dark matter and dark energy which is theorized to make up roughly 22% and 74% of the universe respectively. Thus only 4% of the universe is everything we can see. Very strange!
As far as the solar system being an atom, that is not really possible. For that to be true, the laws of quantum mechanics would have to apply to the solar system as they do for the atomic system. The most glaring problem in modern physics is trying to unite the laws of the very small (quantum mechanics and the atomic system) with that of the very large (gravity and solar systems).
In fact if we applied quantum mechanics to the earth-sun system we would have some very strange results. We would not be able to know where we are in the orbit (the time of year) and also know how fast we are moving around the sun at the same time. Which is absurd, we do know the time of year and speed of the earth.
Now if we model an electron as the earth, essentially a solid sphere, and apply the laws of classical physics that we use for the earth, we find that a point on the equator of the electron-sphere would move at 171 times the speed of light which is utter nonsense.
But don’t take it that I am saying you are completely wrong, quite the opposite actually. The solar system is comprised of the sun (analogous to nucleus) and the planets (analogous to electrons). The galaxy is then comprised of many of these systems. These systems have different amount of planets and different sizes of stars corresponding to different atomic weights. Galaxies in turn can comprise galaxy clusters. So you are correct in that the our solar system is like another building block of matter made of smaller parts but ultimately part of a larger “particle”.
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